12.3.4.

(1) Except where exempted by Supplementary Standard SB-10, this Subsection applies to the energy efficiency of buildings or parts of buildings described in Sentence 12.2.1.1.(4)v1v2.

(1) Except as permitted in Sentences (2) and (3), the minimum thermal resistance of all walls, ceilings and floors that separate heated space from unheated space, the exterior air or the exterior soil shall conform to Table 12.3.4.2.A.

(2) Where the top of a foundation wall is less than 1 200 mm above the adjoining ground level, those portions of the foundation wall that are above ground may be insulated to the level required for the below grade portion of the foundation wall.

(3) The minimum thermal resistance of a slab-on-ground shall conform to Table 12.3.4.2.B.

(4) The maximum overall coefficient of heat transfer for windows that separate heated space from unheated space shall conform to Table 12.3.4.2.C.

(5) Except for swinging glass doors, the minimum thermal resistance of doors that separate heated space from unheated space shall be not less than RSI 0.7.

(1) Where a building component or assembly separates interior conditioned space from exterior space, interior space from ground or environmentally dissimilar interior spaces, the component or assembly shall contain an air barrier system conforming to the applicable requirements of Part 5 or Section 9.25.

(1) A heating, ventilating and air-conditioning system that serves more than one heating, ventilating and air-conditioning zone shall conform to Clauses 12.2.1.1.(2)(a)v1v2 or (b).

(2) Sentences (3) to (11) and Article 12.3.4.5. apply to a heating, ventilating and air-conditioning system that serves a single heating, ventilating and air-conditioning zone.

(3) The energy efficiency of equipment in a heating, ventilating and air-conditioning system that serves a single heating, ventilating and air-conditioning zone shall conform to Supplementary Standard SB-10.

(4) An air-conditioning system with a cooling capacity of 40 kW or more shall have an economizer,

(a) controlled by appropriate high limit shut-off control, and

(b) equipped with either barometric or powered relief sized to prevent excess pressurization of the building.

(5) Outdoor air dampers for economizer use shall be provided with blade and jamb seals.

(6) A heat recovery ventilator with a recovery effectiveness of 50% or more at the outside winter design temperature shall be provided where the quantity of the outdoor air supplied to the air duct distribution system is,

(a) more than 1 400 L/s, and

(b) more than 70% of the supply air quantity of the system.

(7) Where a heat recovery ventilator is installed, the system shall have provisions to bypass or control the heat recovery ventilator to permit operation of the air economizer.

(8) A heating, ventilating and air-conditioning system shall be controlled by a manual changeover or dual setpoint thermostat.

(9) Except for a system requiring continuous operation, a heating, ventilating and air-conditioning system that has a cooling or heating capacity greater than 4.4 kW and a supply fan motor rated for more than 0.5 kW shall be provided with a time clock that,

(a) is capable of starting and stopping the system under different schedules for seven different day-types per week,

(b) is capable of retaining programming and time setting during a loss of power for a period of 10 hours or more,

(c) includes an accessible manual override that allows temporary operation of the system for up to two hours,

(d) is capable of temperature setback down to 13°C during off-hours, and

(e) is capable of temperature setup to 32°C during off-hours.

(10) Where separate heating and cooling equipment serves the same temperature zone, thermostats shall be interlocked to prevent simultaneous heating and cooling.

(11) A heating, ventilating and air-conditioning system with a design supply air capacity greater than 5000 L/s shall have optimum start controls

(1) A duct or a plenum that is not protected by an insulated exterior wall or that is exposed to an unheated space shall be,

(a) sealed to a Class A seal level in accordance with the SMACNA, “HVAC Duct Construction Standards - Metal and Flexible”, to minimize air leakage, and

(b) insulated to provide a thermal resistance of not less than RSI 1.4.

(2) A supply or exhaust duct or plenum that is located in a conditioned space shall be sealed to a Class C seal level in accordance with the SMACNA, “HVAC Duct Construction Standards - Metal and Flexible”, to minimize air leakage.

(3) Except for piping within prefabricated equipment, piping used for steam, hot water heating or cooling shall be insulated in accordance with Table 12.3.4.5.

(4) Insulation exposed to weather shall be protected by a covering such as aluminum, sheet metal, painted canvas or plastic.

(5) An exhaust duct with a design capacity of more than 140 L/s on a heating, ventilating and air conditioning system that does not operate continuously shall be equipped with a gravity or motorized damper that will automatically shut when the system is not in operation.

(6) An air duct distribution system shall be balanced in the following sequence:

1. Minimize throttling losses.

2. If the fan is rated for more than 0.75 kW, adjust the fan speed to meet design flow conditions.

(7) A hydronic system shall be proportionately balanced to minimize throttling losses.

(1) Water heating equipment, hot water supply boilers used solely for heating potable water and hot water storage tanks shall meet the minimum efficiency values in Supplementary Standard SB-10.

(2) Domestic hot water heating piping shall be insulated in accordance with Table 12.3.4.5. if it is,

(a) recirculating system piping,

(b) located within the first 2.5 m of outlet piping in a constant temperature non-recirculating storage system,

(c) an inlet pipe located between the storage tank and a heat trap in a non-recirculating storage system, or

(d) a pipe that is externally heated by methods such as a heat trace or impedance heating.

(3) A hot water storage tank shall be provided with a temperature control to permit adjustment of the water storage temperature.

(4) An automatic time switch or other control that can be set to switch off the usage temperature maintenance system during extended periods when hot water is not required shall be installed in a domestic hot water system that is designed to maintain usage temperatures in hot water pipes such as recirculating hot water systems or heat trace.

(5) If a recirculating pump is used to maintain storage tank water temperature, the pump shall be equipped with a control to limit its operation to a period from the start of the heating cycle to a maximum of five minutes after the end of the heating cycle.

(6) In a washroom located in a public facility, a device shall be provided to control the maximum temperature of water delivered from a lavatory faucets to not more than 43°C.

(7) A vertical pipe riser that serves a storage water heater or a storage tank shall have heat traps on both the inlet and outlet piping as close as practical to the tank if,

(a) the riser is in a non-recirculating system, and

(b) the storage water heater or the storage tank does not have integral heat traps.

(8) A system that provides space heating and domestic water heating shall conform to Clauses 12.2.1.1.(2)(a)v1v2 or (b).

(1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), Articles 12.3.4.7. to 12.3.4.11. apply to,

(a) interior spaces of a building,

(b) exterior building features, including facades, illuminated roofs, architectural features, entrances, exits, loading docks and illuminated canopies, and

(c) exterior building ground lighting provided through the building’s electrical service.

(2) Articles 12.3.4.7. to 12.3.4.11. do not apply to emergency lighting that is automatically turned off during the normal use of the building.

(3) Fluorescent light ballasts shall meet or exceed the minimum ballast efficacy factors required by Supplementary Standard SB-10.

(4) Except as provided in Sentence (5), luminaires designed for use with one or three linear fluorescent lamps greater than 30 W each shall use two-lamp tandem-wired ballasts in place of single-lamp ballasts when two or more luminaires are in the same space and on the same control device.

(5) The tandem wiring required by Sentence (4) is not required for,

(a) recessed luminaires located more than 3 m apart, measured centre to centre,

(b) surface mounted or pendant luminaires that are not continuous,

(c) luminaires that use single-lamp high-frequency electronic ballasts,

(d) luminaires that use three-lamp high-frequency electronic or three-lamp electromagnetic ballasts, and

(e) luminaires on emergency circuits.

(1) The interior lighting power allowance for a building is the sum of the lighting power allowances, in watts, of all building area types and shall include all permanently installed general, task and furniture lighting systems and luminaires.

(2) The interior lighting power allowance shall be determined by multiplying the lighting power density given in Table 12.3.4.8. by the gross lighted areas of the building area type.

(3) The installed interior lighting power shall not exceed the interior lighting power allowance.

(4) Except as provided in Sentence (5), the installed interior lighting power shall include all power used by luminaires, including lamps, ballasts, current regulators and control devices.

(5) The following lighting equipment and applications shall not be considered when determining the installed interior lighting power or the interior lighting power allowance:

(a) lighting that is integral to equipment or instrumentation and is installed by its manufacturer,

(b) lighting specifically designed for use only during medical or dental procedures and lighting integral to medical equipment,

(c) lighting that is integral to both open and glass-enclosed refrigerator and freezer cases,

(d) lighting that is integral to food warming and food preparation equipment,

(e) lighting for plant growth or maintenance,

(f) lighting in spaces specifically designed for use by visually impaired persons,

(g) lighting in retail display windows if the display area is enclosed by ceiling-height partitions,

(h) lighting in interior spaces that have been specifically designated as a heritage building,

(i) lighting that is an integral part of advertising or directional signage,

(j) exit signs,

(k) lighting that is displayed for sale, and

(l) educational lighting demonstration systems.

(6) Trade-offs among building area types are permitted provided that the total installed interior lighting power does not exceed the interior lighting power allowance.

(1) Except as provided by Sentence (2), interior lighting in a building that exceeds 500 m² in building area shall be controlled with an automatic control device to shut off building lighting in all spaces.

(2) Sentence (1) does not apply to,

(a) lighting intended for 24-hour operation,

(b) emergency lighting, or

(c) lighting for spaces where an automatic shut-off would endanger safety or security

(3) The automatic control device required in Sentence (1) shall operate on,

(a) a scheduled basis using a time-of-day operated control device that turns lighting off at specific programmed times,

(b) an occupant sensor that shall turn lighting off within 30 minutes of an occupant leaving a space, or

(c) a signal from another control or alarm system that indicates the area is unoccupied.

(4) Where the automatic control device conforms to Clause 12.3.4.9.(3)(a), an independent program schedule shall be provided for each floor.

(5) Each space enclosed by partitions that extend to the ceiling shall have at least one control device to independently control the general lighting within the space.

(6) Each manual operated control device shall be readily accessible and located so the occupants can see the controlled lighting.

(7) Except as required by Sentences (8) and (9) and except for reasons of safety or security, an individual control device shall,

(a) be capable of being activated,

(i) either manually, or

(ii) automatically by sensing an occupant,

(b) control a floor area having an area not more than 240 m², and

(c) be capable of overriding at any time of-day scheduled shut-off control for not more than 4 h.

(8) Except in spaces with multi-scene control, a control device that automatically turns lighting off within 30 minutes of all occupants leaving a space shall be provided in,

(a) conference rooms,

(b) meeting rooms, and

(c) employee lunch and break rooms.

(9) A separate control device shall control,

(a) display lighting,

(b) accent lighting,

(c) case lighting,

(d) task lighting,

(e) non-visual lighting, and

(f) demonstration lighting.

(1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), this Article applies to exterior areas conforming to Sentence 12.3.4.7.(1).

(2) If the lighting is equipped with a control device independent of the control of other lighting, Sentence (1) does not apply to,

(a) specialized signal, directional, and marker lighting associated with transportation,

(b) advertising signage or directional signage,

(c) lighting integral to equipment or instrumentation and installed by its manufacturer,

(d) temporary lighting,

(e) lighting for industrial production, material handling, transportation sites, and associated storage areas, and

(f) lighting used to highlight features of public monuments and heritage buildings.

(3) The exterior lighting power allowance for the exterior areas appurtenant to a building shall be determined by multiplying the lighting power density given in Table 12.3.4.10. by the areas or lengths of lighted exterior spaces.

(4) The total exterior lighting power allowance for the exterior areas appurtenant to a building is the sum of the individual power allowances determined from Sentence (3) plus an additional unrestricted allowance of 5% of that sum.

(5) The installed exterior lighting power shall not exceed the exterior lighting power allowance.

(6) All exterior building grounds luminaires that operate at greater than 100 watts shall contain lamps having a minimum efficacy of 60 lm/W unless the luminaire is controlled by a motion sensor.

(1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), lighting for exterior applications shall have automatic controls capable of turning off exterior lighting when,

(a) sufficient daylight is available, or

(b) the lighting is not required during night time hours.

(2) Sentence (1) does not apply to,

(a) lighting for covered vehicle entrances or exits from a building,

(b) parking structures, and

(c) where required for safety, security, or eye adaptation.

(3) Lighting designated for dusk-to-dawn operation shall be controlled by a time switch or photosensor.

(4) Lighting not designated for dusk-to-dawn operation shall be controlled by a time switch.

(1) Electric motors shall conform to the efficiency levels in Supplementary Standard SB-10.